Cost of living remains barrier to health for the most vulnerable
Last year, Healthwatch England polling highlighted the impact of the cost of living crisis on people’s access to health and care.
This follows work locally that looked into the cost of living's impact on health and well-being and our report into how our people living in rural areas are struggling to access the care they need.
The new poll, conducted with 2008 adults living in England in January this year, shows modest improvements in some areas. However, the cost of living remains a barrier to health, particularly for those under the most financial pressure and those requiring dental care.
Key findings (Nationally):
- More than one in five, 21%, people avoided going to the dentist because of the cost in January 2024. This is up from one in seven, 15%, in January 2023.
- The number of people avoiding NHS appointments due to the cost of travel has declined from 11% last January to four per cent this year.
- The number of people avoiding NHS appointments due to associated costs, including the cost of internet or a phone call, has declined from 11% last January to three per cent.
- One in 20 people had to avoid either getting an NHS prescription or the over-the-counter medication they rely on. This is down from one in 10 in January 2023.
People on low incomes most affected by the cost of living
Healthwatch England data shows that some people are still finding it hard to live healthy lives.
Almost one in five, 19%, of people said they are eating less healthy food, 12% have skipped meals, and 12% have stopped doing things that help them to stay fit and healthy, including going to the gym.
Those under more financial pressure continue to be disproportionately affected.
Almost all, 95%, of people who describe their financial situation as ‘not at all comfortable’ had made at least one lifestyle change to cut back on spending.
For those under the most financial pressure, half (50%) reported eating less healthy food. 67% of this group said they’d avoided turning the heating on when they usually would.
Impact of the cost of living
The changes people made due to the rising costs of living had negatively affected their health and wellbeing, and ability to work.
- Nearly two-fifths, 38%, of people said the changes they’ve had to make have had a negative impact on their mental health, rising to 68% for those under the most financial pressure.
- Over one in seven, 15%, said their ability to work has been impacted by the changes they’ve had to make, rising to 38% for those under the most financial pressure.
- Over one in eight, 13%, said their ability to manage a long-term health condition had been negatively affected, rising to 35% for those under the most financial pressure.
People are increasingly avoiding going to the dentist
- More than one in five, 21%, people avoided going to the dentist because of the cost. This is up from 12% in October 2022, and 15% in both January and March 2023.
- Two-fifths, 40%, of people who described their financial situation as ‘not at all comfortable’ said they have avoided going to the dentist because of cost, compared to just seven per cent of those who said their financial situation was ‘very comfortable’.
Trends in public feedback
Dentistry
Healthwatch England analysis of public feedback in December showed people still struggle to afford dental care. They heard from:
- people who previously had access to NHS dentistry but were now unable to get an appointment or find an NHS dentist;
- people who have been referred for private treatment they can't afford.
Healthwatch continued to hear from people who had resorted to pulling their teeth out. One person developed an abscess after doing their fillings at home, as they can't afford private dental care.
“I had an abscess due to self-dentistry … I am a single parent in private rent which is a strain alongside the cost of living crisis how am I supposed to find money to go privately? The pain got so bad I called 111 and had an appointment where I received antibiotics.”
In another example, someone’s cancer treatment had been delayed by poor access to dentistry.
“I need a dental sign-off in order to continue essential treatment related to a cancer diagnosis. I am unable to find an NHS dentist and cannot afford private treatment therefore I cannot have the medication required to continue my treatment.”
Getting medication
Many people still can’t afford the medication they need, including those who can't afford to travel to get their prescriptions and those with prepayment certificates.
“I already pay for a prepayment certificate so when a GP says ‘I don’t need to prescribe that for you, you can get it over the counter’, my heart sinks. I ask again, saying I have paid for a prepayment certificate, but the answer is usually ‘no’ again. If this happens, I usually go without the item.”
Compared to January 2023, fewer people told Healthwatch England that they are avoiding getting prescriptions or buying over-the-counter medicine. However, one in 20 people still struggle to afford the medicine they need.
For people experiencing the most financial pressure, one in ten said they have avoided getting an NHS prescription, and one in five said they have avoided getting over-the-counter medication.
Travel to NHS appointments
Although the number of people avoiding NHS appointments due to the cost of travel has declined from 11% last January to four per cent, people have continued to tell us about the cost of travelling for health and care.
“Have had to give up on getting treatment because my local hospital has been pretty much shut down with few services running. This means I have to travel to get treatment. Travel is difficult because of my condition but also the cost. £50 each time. I just can't afford it. So I can't get to any appointments.”
Many people are ineligible for transport support, and from those who have to travel long distances to get to their appointments. This is a particular issue in rural and coastal areas of North Yorkshire.
Support schemes
We also heard positive stories about different support schemes, including people having their travel costs refunded if they are on universal credit.
“I do not drive and have to get the train. This is quite expensive but I'm able to claim back the full cost as I'm on universal credit. This is so unbelievably helpful. The process is very easy."
National recommendations
This is Healthwatch England's fifth national poll on the impact of the cost of living crisis in the last two years. Over the course of the crisis, people have told us they had to make decisions to eat less healthily and stay in cold homes due to high costs.
The links between social deprivation and health outcomes are well-documented, including latest research on Britain's cold homes crisis.
Prescriptions
We’re calling for:
- Over the counter medications to be offered on prescription for those already eligible for free prescriptions.
- An NHS England campaign to raise awareness of annual and pre-paid prescription options for patients taking lots of medications.
Travel
We’re calling for:
- NHS England to raise awareness of access to current patient transport services or travel reimbursement schemes.
- NHS England to re-open its review of the health travel cost scheme, to speed up reimbursement for those eligible.
- Transport support schemes to be extended to cover primary and community care, as well as hospital appointments.
- Support for NHS trusts to reduce the costs of car parking charges.
Dental care
The recently published NHS dental recovery plan is a first step to tackle longstanding issues, including access to dentistry. We want to see better solutions for people who are most impacted by the cost-of-living crisis. We are calling for:
- Long-term, fundamental reform of the NHS dental contract, to change how NHS dentistry is funded and arranged. The aim should be to allow the public to register with a local NHS dentist in the same way they can with a GP surgery. This step would provide better access to appointments for preventative oral health and new urgent problems.
- Extra dental appointments should be made available for those who have not received NHS dental care in years, including children and those experiencing health inequalities.
- NHS dental charges to be frozen in future and more done to raise awareness of support with costs to support those who avoid seeking help because of the cost of living.
- More joined-up schemes between dental practices, GP surgeries, schools, and other services are needed to deliver prevention and link oral health to other issues, such as weight management and smoking cessation.
Benefits
There is lots of information on financial support available to the public, however we want more to be done to proactively reach out to people struggling with the cost-of-living crisis. We’re also calling for:
- Government and NHS England to commission a national helpline to improve access to health and care benefits, including Statutory Sick Pay, Universal Credit, Employment and Support Allowance (ESA), Healthcare Travel Costs Scheme, Carer’s Allowance, and Personal Independence Payments (PIP).
- Government to extend the time statutory sick pay can be paid to people who can’t work due to waiting over 18 weeks on NHS waiting lists.
